Low Voltage Guides

IEEE C62.37.1-2000
Title: IEEE Guide for the Application of Thyristor Surge Protective Devices
Scope: This application guide applies to thyristor surge protective device (thyristor SPD) components used in systems with voltages up to 1000 V rms or 1200 V dc. These components are designed to limit overvoltages and divert surge currents by voltage clamping and crowbarring (switching to a low impedance) actions. Although telecommunication circuits are the main application of thyristor SPDs, this guide will also provide useful information for other protection applications.
This guide is intended to complement the IEEE Standard Test Specification for Thyristor Diode Surge Protective Devices (IEEE C62.37-1996). The definitions used in these two standards are the same.
This publication contains information on
a) Basic function and component description
b) General terms and definitions
c) Electrical environment
d) Parameter interpretation and application
e) Example designs
f) SPD technology comparison
When used in conjunction with IEEE Std C62.37-1996, this guide will give the user guidance in interpreting its specifications and in selecting the correct product.

IEEE C62.41.1-2002 (R2008)
Title: IEEE Guide on the Surge Environment in Low-Voltage (1000 V and less) AC Power Circuits
Scope: This is a guide describing the surge voltage, surge current, and temporary overvoltages(TOV) environment in low-voltage [up to 1000 V root mean square (rms)] ac power circuits. This scope does not include other power disturbances, such as notches, sags, and noise.
The surges considered in this guide do not exceed one-half period of the normal mains waveform (fundamental frequency) in duration. They can be periodic or random events and can appear in any combination of line, neutral, or grounding conductors. They include surges with amplitudes, durations, or rates of change sufficient to cause equipment damage or operational upset. While surge protective devices (SPDs) acting primarily on the amplitude of the voltage are often applied to divert the damaging surges, the upsetting surges may require other remedies. The rationale for including a description of TOVs in this guide on the surge environment is given in 1.2.

IEEE C62.42-2005
Title: IEEE Guide for the Application of Component Surge-Protective Devices for Use in Low-Voltage [Equal to or Less than 1000 V (ac) Or 1200 V (dc)] Circuits
Scope: This guide covers the application of component air gaps, gas tubes, MOVs, and avalanche junction  semiconductor surge-protective devices for use within surge protectors, equipment, or systems involving low voltage power, data, communication, and/or signaling circuits. This guide is intended to be used with, or to complement, the related documents referred to in 2.1.

IEEE C62.43-2005 (R2010)
Title: IEEE Guide for the Application of Surge Protectors Used in Low-Voltage (Equal to or Less than 1000 Vrms or 1200 Vdc) Data, Communications, and Signaling Circuits
Scope: This guide provides assistance in selecting the most appropriate type of surge protector for a particular data, communication, and/or signaling circuit application.
This guide is divided into six clauses. Clause 1 provides an overview and the scope of this guide. Clause 2 lists references to other standards. Clause 3 gives a description and the theory of the operation of surge protectors used in data, communications, and signaling circuit applications. Clause 4 and Clause 5 describe and interpret non-surge and active performance tests, respectively. Clause 6 discusses some general application principles.
This guide also contains normative Annex A, which provides a description and theory of operation of certain current-limiting devices that may be used in multiple-component surge protectors. Informative Annex B and Annex C supply examples of applications of surge protectors used in low-voltage data, communications, and signaling circuits. Informative Annex D provides guidance on the protection of digital subscriber line (DSL) systems. Informative Annex E supplies guidance on coordinating telecommunications primary and secondary protectors. Informative Annex F provides an overview of antenna feeds protection and radio-frequency (RF) surge suppression technology for communications sites. Informative Annex G contains a bibliography of the references used in developing this guide. The informative annexes provide additional information for understanding and using this guide, but they are not an essential part of the guide. This guide applies to surge protectors used in balanced or unbalanced data, communications, and signaling circuits with equal to or less than 1000 V, rms (Vrms), or 1200 V, dc (Vdc). The surge protectors covered are multiple-component series or parallel combinations of linear or nonlinear elements, packaged for the purpose of limiting voltage, current, or both.
This guide is intended to complement IEEE Std C62.36TM-2000. The definitions used in this application guide and the test methods standard are the same. For terms not defined in the guide or the standard, see The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms.
This guide is not intended to apply to a packaged single-component gas discharge tube (GDT) or air gap arresters/protectors, which are covered by IEEE Std C62.42TM-1992 nor to packaged single component
thyristor surge protective devices, which are covered by IEEE Std C62.37TM-1997.

IEEE C62.48-2005
Title: IEEE Guide on Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and Surge Protective Devices
Scope: This guide applies to surge-protective devices (SPDs) manufactured to be connected to 50 Hz or 60 Hz ac power circuits rated at 100–1000 V rms.
This guide describes the effects on SPDs of power system disturbances occurring in these low-voltage ac power circuits. The  disturbances are  not limited to surges. The effects  of the  presence and  operation of SPDs  on the  quality of  power available  to the connected loads are  described. The interaction among multiple SPDs on the same circuit is also described.
This guide discusses both voltage and current surges. The current surges discussed in this guide are the result of voltage surges. Current surges that are solely the result of load changes and do not result in voltage increases, such as a short circuit, are not discussed in this guide.
An SPD’s primary purpose is to provide surge protection. Devices discussed in this guide contain at least one nonlinear component for diverting surge current and/or dissipating surge energy, such as a metal oxide varistor (MOV), silicon avalanche  diode  (SAD), thyristor, or  spark gap. Uninterruptible  power  supplies (UPSs), ferroresonators,  motor-generators, and filters  containing only inductive  and/or capacitive components are not considered SPDs in this guide.

IEEE C62.72-2007
Title: IEEE Guide for the Application of Surge Protective Devices for Low Voltage (1000 Volts or Less) AC Power Circuits
Scope: The transient overvoltages or surge events that are described and discussed in this guide are those that originate outside of a building or facility and impinge on a power distribution system (PDS) through the service entrance conductors. Transient overvoltages or surge events that originate from equipment within a specific facility are not within the scope of this document.
This guide applies to surge-protective devices (SPDs) that are manufactured for connections to 50 Hz or 60 Hz ac power circuits that are rated between 100 V rms and 1000 V rms. This guide applies to SPDs that are specifically identified, labeled, or listed for connections on the load side of the service entrance main overcurrent protective device. This guide does not cover those SPDs identified, labeled, or tested as a secondary surge arrester intended for connections on the line side of the service entrance main overcurrent protective device.
The SPDs covered in this guide are those manufactured for use in an association with electrical power distribution equipment such as load centers, motor control centers, panelboards, switchboards, switchgear, and end-use equipment installed in commercial and industrial facilities. This guide excludes SPDs associated with retail and consumer appliances and components for residential use.
This guide does not specify or set limits on insulation levels of any components associated with power distribution systems or end-use equipment. In addition, it is not the intent of this guide to address individual SPD component specifications associated with any specific manufacturer of surge protection products.
The SPDs discussed in this guide contain at least one nonlinear component for either diverting surge currents and/or dissipating surge energy. Examples of such nonlinear components are metal-oxide varistors (MOVs),silicon avalanche diodes (SADs), spark gap tubes, or thyristors. Ferroresonators, motor-generators, uninterruptiblepower supplies, and filters containing only inductive or capacitive components are not considered SPDs in the guide.